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1.
FEMINA ; 51(1): 43-48, jan. 31, 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428680

ABSTRACT

A perfusão arterial reversa gemelar é uma anormalidade rara que pode ocorrer em gestações gemelares monocoriônicas. Consiste em uma alteração na circulação fetoplacentária, com desvio de sangue de um dos gemelares para o outro, por meio de anastomoses arterioarteriais e venovenosas na superfície placentária e anastomoses arteriovenosas em áreas de circulação placentária compartilhada. O feto bombeador pode desenvolver insuficiência cardíaca devido ao aumento do débito cardíaco, e o feto receptor, perfundido por sangue pobre em oxigênio por meio do fluxo reverso, é severamente malformado, incompatível com a vida extrauterina. Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma gestação gemelar monocoriônica diamniótica, com manejo clínico conservador. O objetivo é relatar um caso de complicação rara de gestações monozigóticas e revisar condutas para diagnóstico e manejo adequado.(AU)


Twin reverse arterial perfusion is a rare abnormality that can occur in monochorionic twin pregnancies. It consists of an alteration in the fetal-placental circulation, with blood diversion from one of the twins to the other, through arterio-arterial and veno- venous anastomosis on the placental surface and arterio-venous anastomosis in areas of shared placental circulation. The pumping fetus may develop heart failure due to increased cardiac output, and the recipient fetus, perfused by oxygen-poor blood through reverse flow, is severely malformed, incompatible with extrauterine life. This article presents the case of a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, with conservative clinical management. The objective is to report a case of rare complication of monozygotic pregnancies and review procedures for diagnosis and adequate management.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Arteriovenous Anastomosis/abnormalities , Umbilical Arteries/abnormalities , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Twinning, Monozygotic , Fetofetal Transfusion/complications , Brazil , Placental Circulation , Fetal Death , Fetal Monitoring , Umbilical Cord Clamping , Obstetric Labor, Premature
2.
Femina ; 50(4): 246-249, 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380698

ABSTRACT

O prolapso de órgão pélvico é um evento raro durante a gestação, cuja conduta obstétrica deve ser individualizada e sempre direcionada para evitar complicações na gestação. O relato de caso é de uma mulher de 25 anos de idade, no segundo trimestre de sua segunda gestação, que apresentou prolapso de grau 4. Na ultrassonografia obstétrica, verificou-se feto em bom desenvolvimento e líquido amniótico normal. A conduta adotada foi a utilização do pessário vaginal e recomendação de repouso com acompanhamento até a resolução da gestação. Houve três episódios de queda acidental do pessário, que foi reintroduzido pela própria paciente, sem complicações, permanecendo até próximo ao momento do parto cesáreo. O prolapso desapareceu e não houve recidiva no pós-parto. Esta publicação é relevante por evidenciar que, seguindo as condutas recomendadas pela literatura para a presente condição ginecológica, se pode reduzir intercorrências obstétricas e viabilizar o parto do neonato.(AU)


Pelvic organ prolapse is a rare event during pregnancy, and obstetric management must be individualized and always aimed at avoiding complications in pregnancy. The case report is of a 25-year-old woman in the second trimester of her second pregnancy presented grade 4 prolapse. The obstetric ultrasound revealed good fetal development and normal amniotic fluid. The course of action implemented was the use of a vaginal pessary and recommendation of rest with monitoring up to pregnancy resolution. There were three episodes of accidental fall of the pessary, which was reintroduced by the patient herself without complications and was removed only when cesarean delivery was near. The prolapse disappeared and there was no recurrence during the postpartum period. This publication is relevant because it shows that by following the procedures recommended in the literature for this gynecological condition, it is possible to reduce obstetric complications and enable the delivery of the newborn.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pelvic Organ Prolapse , Pregnancy Trimester, Second
3.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 43(2): 107-112, Feb. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156093

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To evaluate the obstetric and sociodemographic characteristics of gestational diabetic women who maintained hyperglycemia in the postpartum period (6-12 weeks postpartum). Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study with women who have had gestational diabetes and/or macrosomic children between March 1st, 2016 and March 1st, 2017. Between 6 and 12 weeks after birth, women who had gestational diabetes collected fasting glycemia, glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin results. The data were collected from medical records and during an interview in the first postpartum consultation. A statistical analysis was performed using frequency, percentage, Chi- Squared test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate Poisson regression. The significance level adopted for the statistical tests was 5%. Results One hundred and twenty-two women were included. Most of the women were younger than 35 years old (70.5%), white, multiparous, and with no history of gestational diabetes. Thirteen percent of the participants developed persistent hyperglycemia. A univariate analysis showed that maternal age above 35 years, being overweight, having grade 1 obesity and weight gain under 5 kg was related to the persistence of hyperglycemia in the postpartum period. Conclusion Maternal age above 35 years, obesity and overweight, and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with hyperglycemia during the postpartum period.


Resumo Objetivo Avaliar características sociodemográficas e obstétricas de mulheres com diabetes gestacional que mantêm hiperglicemia no período pós-parto (6-12 semanas pós-parto). Métodos Este é um estudo longitudinal de coorte com mulheres com diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional e/ou macrossomia fetal entre 1° de março de 2016 a 1° de março de 2017. As mulheres coletaram glicemia de jejum, teste de tolerância a glicose e hemoglobina glicada entre 6 a 12 semanas pós-parto. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários médicos e durante entrevista na primeira consulta de revisão pós-parto. Uma análise estatística foi realizada através do cálculo de frequências, porcentagens, teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão multivariada de Poisson. A significância estatística adotada foi de 5%. Resultados Cento e vinte e duas mulheres foram incluídas. A maioria delas tinha menos de 35 anos de idade (70,5%), eram brancas, multíparas, e não tinham história de diabetes gestacional. Treze por cento das participantes desenvolveu hiperglicemia persistente. A análise univariada mostrou que os fatores relacionados com a persistência de hiperglicemia no período pós-natal foram: idade materna acima de 35 anos, sobrepeso, obesidade grau 1 e ganho de peso abaixo de 5 quilos. A análisemultivariada incluiu o diagnóstico no primeiro trimestre como fator de risco para hiperglicemia persistente. Conclusão Mulheres acima de 35 anos, obesidade, sobrepeso e diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional no primeiro trimestre estão relacionados com hiperglicemia persistente no período pós-parto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology , Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology , Hyperglycemia/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Puerperal Disorders/physiopathology , Puerperal Disorders/blood , Socioeconomic Factors , Blood Glucose , Brazil/epidemiology , Glycated Hemoglobin , Cohort Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Hyperglycemia/blood
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(9): 529-534, Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137878

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of chorionicity in the biometric parameters crown-rump length (CRL), birthweight (BW), crown-rump length discordancy (CRLD) and birthweight discordancy (BWD), determine the correlation between these latter two in cases of intertwin discordancy, and to analyze the influence of chronicity in the presence of these discordancies with clinical relevance (> 10% and > 15%, respectively). Methods The present study was a retrospective study based on the twin pregnancy database of the Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010-2015), including 486 fetuses among 66 monochorionic (MC) and 177 dichorionic gestations (DC). The inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies with 2 fetuses and healthy twin gestations. The exclusion criteria were trichorionic gestations and pregnancies with inconclusive chorionicity, multiple pregnancy with ≥ 3 fetuses and pathological twin gestations. Results No statistically significant difference was found in BW (p = 0.09) and in its discordancy (p = 0.06) nor in CRL (p = 0.48) and its discordancy (p = 0.74) between MCs and DCs. Crown-rump length discordancy and birthweight discordancy were correlated by the regression line "BWD = 0.8864 x CRLD + 0.0743," with r2 = 0.1599. Crown-rump length discordancy > 10% was found in 7.58% of monochorionic and in 13.56% of dichorionic twins. Birthweight discordancy > 15% was detected in 16.67% of monochorionic and in 31.64% of dichorionic twins. Conclusion No statistically significant influence of chorionicity was identified in both birthweight and birthweight discordancy, as in crown-rump length and crown-rump length discordancy. Birthweight discordancy was correlated to crown-rump length discordancy in 20% of cases.


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência da corionicidade nos parâmetros biométricos comprimento craniocaudal, peso ao nascimento, discordância de comprimento craniocaudal e discordância de peso ao nascimento, determinar a correlação entre estes dois últimos caso haja discordância intergemelar e analisar a influência da corionicidade na presença destas discordâncias com relevância clínica (> 10% e > 15%, respectivamente). Métodos O presente estudo foi um estudo retrospectivo baseado na base de dados de gestações gemelares do Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010-2015), incluindo 486 fetos de 66 gestações monocoriônicas e 177 dicoriônicas. Os critérios de inclusão foram gestações múltiplas de 2 fetos e gestações gemelares saudáveis. Os critérios de exclusão foram gestações tricoriônicas ou de corionicidade inconclusiva, gestações múltiplas com ≥ 3 fetos e gestações gemelares patológicas. Resultados Não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significativa no peso ao nascimento (p =0,09) e sua discordância (p = 0,06) nem no comprimento craniocaudal (p = 0,48) e sua discordância (p = 0,74) entre gestações monocoriônicas e dicoriônicas. Considerando todas as gestações, as discordâncias de comprimento craniocaudal e peso ao nascimento foram correlacionadas pela reta de regressão "discordância de peso ao nascimento = 0.8864 x discordância de comprimento craniocaudal + 0.0743," com r2 = 0,1599. A discordância de comprimento craniocaudal > 10% descobriu-se em 7.58% das gestações monocoriônicas e em 13.56% das dicoriônicas. A discordância de peso ao nascimento > 15% detectou-se em 16.67% das gestações monocoriônicas e em 31.64% das dicoriônicas. Conclusão Não se identificou influência estatisticamente significativa no peso ao nascimento e sua discordância, bem como no comprimento craniocaudal e sua discordância. A discordância de peso ao nascimento correlacionou-se com a discordância de comprimento craniocaudal em 20% dos casos.


Subject(s)
Birth Weight/physiology , Chorion/physiology , Chorion/physiopathology , Crown-Rump Length , Pregnancy, Twin , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies
5.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 64(1): 89-95, Jan.-Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088770

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are the most common hormonal dysfunctions during pregnancy. Insufficient maternal thyroid hormones (THs) in the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe impairments in the development of the central nervous system because THs are critical to central nervous system development. In the fetus and after birth, THs participate in neurogenic processes, cell differentiation, neuronal activation, axonal growth, dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis and myelination. Although treatment is simple and effective, approximately 30% of pregnant women in Brazil with access to prenatal care have their first consultation after the first trimester of pregnancy, and any delay in diagnosis and resulting treatment delay may lead to cognitive impairment in children. This review summarizes the effects of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism on fetal neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition in humans and rodents. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):89-95


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Brain/embryology , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Hypothyroidism/complications , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Pregnancy Trimesters , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Brain/physiopathology , Pregnancy Outcome
6.
Femina ; 47(11): 831-833, 30 nov. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046556

ABSTRACT

O adenocarcinoma de células claras (CCA) primário de colo uterino em pacientes jovens é uma doença rara, de etiologia desconhecida e que no passado estava associada ao uso do dietilestilbestrol durante a gestação, quando sua comercialização era permitida. A queixa mais frequente do CCA é o sangramento vaginal irregular. Relatamos o caso de CCA de endocérvice em paciente jovem que engravidou naturalmente após o diagnóstico da neoplasia.(AU)


Primary cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) in young patients is a rare disease of unknown etiology in the past associated with the use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy when its use was permitted. The most frequent complaint is irregular vaginal bleeding. We report the case of endocervous clear cell adenocarcinoma in a young patient who became naturally pregnant, even after the diagnosis of the neoplasia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell , Pregnancy, High-Risk
7.
Femina ; 47(11): 834-838, 30 nov. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046557

ABSTRACT

A fibrose cística é caracterizada pelo desequilíbrio na concentração de cloro e sódio nas células, mudando a viscosidade das secreções. Uma das primeiras manifestações clínicas consiste em obstrução intestinal perinatal, consequência do mecônio anormalmente espesso. Até 50% dos recém-nascidos com íleo meconial apresentam alguma lesão intestinal associada, como volvo ou perfuração. O caso apresenta uma gestante de 31 semanas, com história pregressa de filha com fibrose cística, que foi encaminhada ao serviço de ultrassom de urgência queixando-se de redução de movimentação fetal. Ao ultrassom, o feto apresentava dilatação em alças intestinais, intestino delgado hiperecogênico e ascite. O parto foi realizado em dois dias e o neonato foi submetido à laparotomia, identificando-se vólvulo de segmento jejunoileal e necrose em segmento intestinal. Com o presente relato, ressalta-se a importância da triagem e do acompanhamento das pacientes com fator de risco, durante o pré-natal, visando ao melhor prognóstico neonatal.(AU)


Cystic fibrosis is characterized by imbalance in the concentration of sodium and chlorine in the cells, changing the viscosity of the secretions. One of the first clinical manifestations consists of perinatal intestinal obstruction, a consequence of abnormally thick meconium. Up to 50% of newborns with meconium ileus have some associated intestinal lesion, such as volvulus or perforation. The case presents a pregnant woman of 31 weeks, a previous history of a daughter with cystic fibrosis, referred to the emergency ultrasound service complaining of reduced fetal movement. At ultrasound, the fetus presented dilation in intestinal loops, hyperechogenic small intestine and ascites. Delivery was performed in two days and the neonate underwent laparotomy, identifying jejunoileal segment volvulus and intestinal segment necrosis. With the present report, the importance of screening and monitoring of patients with a risk factor during prenatal care is emphasized, aiming at a better neonatal prognosis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging , Risk Factors , Intestinal Volvulus , Fetal Movement , Meconium Ileus , Intestinal Obstruction , Intestine, Small , Laparotomy
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(5): 618-624, May 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012951

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the extent of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnant women and evaluate the relationship between the syndrome and quality of life. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A questionnaire developed by the researcher, the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Questionnaire to measure the quality of life, the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) Diagnostic Criteria for RLS and the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale were applied to the women to collect the data. A total of 250 pregnant women were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 28.11 ± 5.59 years and the mean gestational time was 26.26 ± 10.72 weeks. Symptoms of RLS were seen in 46.4 % of the women. The mean for the RLS Violence Rating Score was 20.82 ± 6.61 for the women with RLS. RLS was found to be mild in 5.2 % of the women, moderate in 45.7 %, severe in 40.5 % and very severe in 8.6 %. A statistically significant effect of RLS survival on quality of life was observed. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that almost half of the pregnant women in this study experienced RLS, and about half of those with RLS experienced severe or very severe RLS. There is a significant relationship between RLS and six domains of SF-36 (physical, role limitations, pain, general health perception, energy/vitality, and mental health).


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Neste estudo, objetivamos determinar a extensão da síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI) em gestantes e avaliar a relação da síndrome com a qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo descritivo transversal. Um questionário desenvolvido pelo pesquisador, o Questionário Short Form 36 (SF-36) para medir a qualidade de vida, o Grupo Internacional de Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas (IRLSSG) Critérios de Diagnóstico para SPI e a Escala de Avaliação da Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas foram administrados às mulheres para coletar os dados. Um total de 250 gestantes foi incluído no estudo. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das mulheres foi de 28,11 ± 5,59 e a média das semanas gestacionais da gestação foi de 26,26 ± 10,72. Os sintomas da SPI foram observados em 46,4% das mulheres. A média para o Índice de Violência da RLS foi de 20,82 ± 6,61 para as mulheres com SPI. A SPI foi discreta em 5,2% das mulheres, moderada em 45,7%, grave em 40,5% e muito grave em 8,6%. Um efeito estatisticamente significativo da sobrevida da SPI na qualidade de vida foi observado (p<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados indicam que quase metade das mulheres grávidas neste estudo experimentou a SPI, e cerca de metade das pessoas com SPI experimentou SPI grave ou muito grave. Existe uma relação significativa entre a SPI e seis domínios do SF-36 (físico, limitação de papéis, dor, percepção geral de saúde, energia/vitalidade e saúde mental).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Restless Legs Syndrome/physiopathology , Restless Legs Syndrome/epidemiology , Turkey/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Statistics, Nonparametric , Middle Aged
9.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(4): 508-511, out.-dez. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977992

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Existe poca evidencia que avale el uso de ventilación mecánica no invasiva en falla respiratoria aguda hipoxémica. Sin embargo, considerando las complicaciones asociadas a la intubación endotraqueal, se intentó implementar ventilación mecánica no invasiva en una paciente de 24 años cursando 32 semanas de gestación, que ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos con falla respiratoria aguda hipoxémica y sepsis a foco urinario. La falta de tolerancia a la ventilación mecánica no invasiva, nos indujo a utilizar un método alternativo con el fin de evitar la intubación endotraqueal. La implementación de terapia con oxígeno a alto flujo a través de cánula nasal permitió superar la situación, presentando a ésta técnica como una opción de tratamiento en pacientes obstétricas críticas, segura tanto para la madre como para el feto.


ABSTRACT Little evidence exists to support the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, considering the complications associated with endotracheal intubation, we attempted to implement noninvasive mechanical ventilation in a 24-year-old patient who was 32 weeks pregnant and was admitted to the intensive care unit with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. Lack of tolerance to noninvasive mechanical ventilation led us to use an alternative method to avoid endotracheal intubation. The use of high-flow nasal cannula allowed to overcome this situation, wich supports this technique as a treatment option for critical obstetric patients that is safe for both the mother and fetus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Cannula , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Sepsis/etiology , Sepsis/therapy , Intensive Care Units
10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(4): 237-243, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974049

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El bajo peso neonatal (< 2.5 kg o < percentil 10) se atribuye a causas constitucionales (pequeño para la edad gestacional [PEG]) o a la restricción en el crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), con riesgos posnatales diferentes. En ausencia de una valoración fetal-placentaria prenatal adecuada, resulta difícil establecerlo. El conocer los antecedentes maternos de enfermedades gestacionales (AMEG): hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipotiroidismo, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) gestacional y otra; pudiera orientar a la diferenciación y el manejo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si la presencia de AMEG se asocia a complicaciones neonatales en productos de bajo peso neonatal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en un grupo de 349 recién nacidos vivos de término (≥ 37 semanas de edad gestacional [SEG]), PEG, en cunero fisiológico y agrupados según los AMEG. Se determinó la frecuencia de dificultad respiratoria (DR), hipoglucemia (HG) e hiperbilirrubinemia (HBr). Resultados: El 16.6% (58/349) presentó AMEG (58.6% HTA y 41.3% hipotiroidismo, solos o combinados). Los neonatos con AMEG fueron más limítrofes (37 SEG, 55.2% vs. 35.1%; p = 0.037). Los de 37 SEG con menor peso (diferencia de ≈100 g; p = 0.028), más riesgo de HG (13.6%; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: −4.08-31.2) pero menos DR (diferencia de −4.7%; IC 95%: −20.6-11.05). La HG en los de 39 SEG solo se presentó en neonatos sin AMEG (diferencia 12.7%; IC 95%: 3.9 a 31.5) igual que la HBr (tres casos). Conclusiones: Indagar sobre los AMEG en un producto PEG parece ser útil en la inferencia de RCIU. Sin embargo, es insuficiente, por lo que en conjunto con otras herramientas nos ayuda a estimar posibles complicaciones y acciones preventivas.


Abstract Background: Low-birth-weight (LWB < 2.5 kg or <10 percentile) could be caused by constitutional matters or by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), both with different neonatal complications. Without an adequate prenatal evaluation is hard to stablish those conditions. Knowing the maternal history for gestational diseases (MHGD) such as hypertension (HTA), hypothyroidism or diabetes, among others could help clarify that difference. The aim of this work was to determine if having a MHGD is associated to neonatal complications in newborns with LWB. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, which included 349 with LWB at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation [WG]) grouped into those with or without MHGD at a hospital nursery. The frequency of respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia was determined. Results: 16.6% (58/349) had MHGD (58.6% for HTA and 41.3% hypothyroidism alone or combined). The neonate with MHGD were more borderline term (37 WGA, 55.2% vs. 35.1%; p = 0.037), and had lower weight (difference of ≈100 g; p = 0.028), had more cases with hypoglycemia (13.6%; CI 95%: −4.08 to 31.2%) but developed less respiratory distress (RD) (difference of −4.7%; CI 95%: −20.6 to 11.05%). Hypoglycemia in 39 WGA was only seen among neonates without MHGD (difference 12.7%; CI95%: 3.9 to 31.5%) just as for the hyperbilirubinemia cases (three). Conclusions: Inquiring about the MHGD on LBW term babies could be useful in the inference of IUGR, although we need other tools so that altogether can help to predict possible complications and to plan preventive actions.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Hyperbilirubinemia/epidemiology , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies
11.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 44(2): 1-11, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1003948

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Algunos de los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo, implican el riesgo de sufrir diferentes trastornos, entre ellos la anemia, la cual está altamente asociada a mortalidad materno-fetal. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que aproximadamente 42 por ciento de las gestantes sufren de anemia en algún momento del embarazo. Los tipos de anemia más frecuentes son la ferropénica, megaloblástica y de células falciformes. La anemia por deficiencia de hierro es la de mayor incidencia durante el embarazo. Objetivo: Actualizar la información existente en la literatura científica internacional acerca de la anemia fisiológica y patológica en el embarazo, con énfasis en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura mediante los MeSH: anemia, embarazo, deficiencia de hierro, vitamina B12, ácido fólico y fisiología en inglés y en español. Para la búsqueda, se usaron las bases de datos PubMed, MedLine, SciELO y Google Académico. Resultados: Se hallaron más de 18 321 artículos, de los cuales 40 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para ser seleccionados. Conclusiones: Si bien un número considerable de cuadros de anemia gestacional corresponden a anemias dilucionales fisiológicas sin ningún tipo de repercusión clínica, es de fundamental importancia el reconocimiento de cuadros patológicos, por la asociación que estos tienen a desenlaces maternos y perinatales adversos(AU)


Introduction: Some of the physiological changes of pregnancy may imply a risk of suffering different kind of disorders, among them anemia, which is highly associated with maternal-fetal mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 42 percent of pregnant women suffer from anemia at some point of pregnancy. The most frequent types of anemia are iron deficiency, megaloblastic and sickle cell anemia. Iron deficiency anemia has the highest incidence during pregnancy. Objective: To update existing information in the international scientific literature about physiological and pathological anemia in pregnancy, emphasing on diagnosis and treatment. Methods: An exhaustive search of the literature was performed using MeSH Anemia, Pregnancy, Iron Deficiency, Vitamin B12, Folic acid and physiology in English and Spanish. For the search, PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Google Scholar databases were used. Results: More than 18321 articles were found. Forty of them met the inclusion criteria to be selected. Conclusions: Although considerable number of cases of gestational anemia correspond to physiological dilutional anemia with no clinical repercussions, the recognition of pathological conditions is fundamental due to the association they have with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Anemia/epidemiology
12.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 52: 46, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903445

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy on the baby's birth weight. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 5,024 mothers and their newborns using a Brazilian birth cohort study. In the proposed model, estimated by structural equation modeling, we tested socioeconomic status, age, marital status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking habit and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, hypertension and gestational diabetes, gestational weight gain, and type of delivery as determinants of the baby's birth weight. RESULTS For a gain of 4 kg/m2 (1 Standard Deviation [SD]) in pre-pregnancy body mass index, there was a 0.126 SD increase in birth weight, corresponding to 68 grams (p < 0.001). A 6 kg increase (1 SD) in gestational weight gain represented a 0.280 SD increase in newborn weight, correponding to 151.2 grams (p < 0.001). The positive effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index on birth weight was direct (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.202; p < 0.001), but the negative indirect effect was small (SC = -0.076, p < 0.001) and partially mediated by the lower weight gain during pregnancy (SC = -0.070, p < 0.001). The positive effect of weight gain during pregnany on birth weight was predominantly direct (SC = 0.269, p < 0.001), with a small indirect effect of cesarean delivery (SC = 0.011; p < 0.001). Women with a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index gained less weight during pregnancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The effect of gestational weight gain on the increase in birth weight was greater than that of pre-pregnancy body mass index.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Birth Weight , Weight Gain/physiology , Body Mass Index , Overweight/complications , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Gestational Age , Diabetes, Gestational , Delivery, Obstetric , Models, Theoretical , Obesity/complications
13.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 39(1): 21-27, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-844178

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the association between perceived social support and anxiety disorders in pregnant adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 871 pregnant women aged 10 to 19 years who received prenatal care in the national public health care system in the urban area of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We assessed perceived social support and anxiety disorders using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A self-report questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information. Results: The prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 13.6%. Pregnant adolescents with an anxiety disorder reported less perceived social support in all domains (affectionate, emotional, tangible, informational, and positive social interaction). Older teenagers reported lower perceived support in the emotional, informational, and positive social interaction domains, whereas those with low socioeconomic status reported lower perceived social support in the material domain. Women who did not live with a partner had less perceived social support in the affectionate and positive social interaction domains. Conclusion: Perceived social support seems to be a protective factor against anxiety disorders in pregnant adolescents, with a positive effect on mental health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology , Social Support , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report
14.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(2): 44-53, Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843917

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy. Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach's α. Results Cronbach's α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy = 0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571-0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476-0.694). Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history.


Resumo Objetivo Validar a versão adaptada para o português brasileiro do instrumento World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), em seu conteúdo e estrutura (construto), em uma população de mulheres após a gravidez. Métodos Trata-se de validação de um instrumento para incapacidade e funcionalidade, incluindo suas propriedades psicométricas, realizada em uma maternidade de referência em gestação de alto risco no Brasil. Incluiu uma amostra de 638mulheres em diferentes períodos pós-parto que tiveram uma gravidez normal ou com complicações. A estrutura foi avaliada por análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), enquanto o conteúdo e as associações entre os domínios foram avaliados por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foram identificadas características sociodemográficas, e os escores médios do WHODAS 2.0 para as 36 questões foram calculados. A consistência interna foi avaliada pelo método α de Cronbach. Resultados O α de Cronbach foi maior do que 0,79 para os dois conjuntos de perguntas do questionário. A AFE e a AFC para as 32 questões apresentaram uma variância total de 54,7% (medida de adequação da amostra de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0,934; p < 0,001) e 53,47% (KMO = 0,934; p < 0,001), respectivamente. Houve uma correlação significativa entre os 6 domínios (r = 0,571-0,876), e moderada correlação entre todos os domínios (r = 0,476-0,694). Conclusão O instrumento WHODAS 2.0, adaptado para o português do Brasil, mostrou boas propriedades psicométricas nessa amostra e, portanto, pode ser aplicado a populações de mulheres com relação à sua história reprodutiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Disability Evaluation , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , Self Report , World Health Organization
15.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 27(2): 103-108, dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869427

ABSTRACT

It is believed that the greater production of sex hormones during pregnancy cause changes that affect the hearing system, although their specific mechanisms are still under investigation.Physiological changes occur during pregnancy such as the non-pathologic drop of hearing thresholds for low frequencies and diminished hearing tolerance to intense sounds, both ofwhich return to their basal range in the post-partum. Certain diseases, like sudden hearing loss, Ménière´s Disease and otosclerosis can appear for the first time or alter their course during pregnancy. A brief bibliographic revision is made regarding the physiological and pathological hearing changes that occur during pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/pathology
16.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(2): 231-234,
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788039

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is the combination of increased ovarian volume, due to the presence of multiple cysts and vascular hyperpermeability, with subsequent hypovolemia and hemoconcentration. We report a case of spontaneous syndrome in a singleton pregnancy. This was a spontaneous pregnancy with 12 weeks of gestational age. The pregnancy was uneventful until 11 weeks of gestational age. After that, the pregnant woman complained of progressive abdominal distention associated with abdominal discomfort. She did not report other symptoms. In the first trimester, a routine ultrasonography showed enlarged ovaries, multiples cysts and ascites. Upon admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable, her serum β-hCG was 24,487mIU/mL, thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.2µUI/mL and free T4 was 1.8ng/dL. All results were within normal parameters. However, levels of estradiol were high (10,562pg/mL). During hospitalization, she received albumin, furosemide and prophylactic dose of enoxaparin. The patient was discharged on the sixth hospital day.


RESUMO A síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana é a combinação do aumento dos ovários, devido à presença de múltiplos cistos e de hiperpermeabilidade vascular, com subsequente hipovolemia e hemoconcentração. Relata-se um caso de síndrome espontânea em uma gestação única. Trata-se de gravidez espontânea com 12 semanas de idade gestacional. A gravidez ocorreu sem intercorrências até 11 semanas de idade gestacional. Após, a gestante passou a se queixar de distensão abdominal progressiva, associada com desconforto abdominal. A paciente não relatava outros sintomas. A ultrassonografia de rotina no primeiro trimestre mostrou ovários aumentados com múltiplos cistos e ascite. No momento da internação, a paciente apresentava-se hemodinamicamente estável, com β-hCG sérico de 24.487mUI/mL, hormônio estimulante da tireoide de 2,2µUI/m e T4 livre de 1,8ng/dL, ou seja, valores dentro dos parâmetros normais. Porém, os níveis de estradiol estavam elevados (10.562pg/mL). Durante a internação, a paciente recebeu albumina, furosemida e enoxaparina profilática. A alta hospitalar ocorreu no sexto dia de internação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Gestational Age , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/etiology , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/blood , Estradiol/blood , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/genetics , Mutation
17.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 37(8): 359-365, ago. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-756551

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO:

Comparar a qualidade do sono de gestantes com e sem sobrepeso no segundo e terceiro trimestres.

MÉTODOS:

Estudo transversal incluindo 223 gestantes com ≥14 semanas: 105 com sobrepeso (índice de massa corporal - IMC - pré-gestacional ≥25,0 km2) e 118 eutróficas (IMC 18,5-24,9 kg/m2) em acompanhamento pré-natal. A versão brasileira do questionário Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR) foi utilizada para avaliação do sono. Testes do χ2 e t de Student foram utilizados para comparar diferenças entre os grupos; p<0,05 foi considerado significante.

RESULTADOS:

A maioria (65,9%) apresentou baixa qualidade de sono (escore total >5) e essa proporção foi significativamente mais alta entre as mulheres com sobrepeso (80/105), em comparação às eutróficas (67/118) (76,2 versus 56,8%, p=0,004). No 2º trimestre, essa proporção não alcançou significância estatística (72,5 versus 53,7%, p=0,06), mas o escore médio total do PSQI-BR foi mais alto entre aquelas com sobrepeso (7,0±3,8 versus 5,5±3,2, p=0,02). Nesse período, os escores médios de latência e qualidade subjetiva do sono foram significativamente mais altos entre as mulheres com sobrepeso (1,4±1,0 versus 1,0±0,9, p=0,02, e 1,3±0,8 versus 0,8±0,8, p=0,02, respectivamente). No 3º trimestre, a proporção de gestantes com baixa qualidade do sono foi mais alta entre as mulheres com sobrepeso, mas sem diferença significante (79,6 versus 60,8%, p=0,06). Nessa fase, o escore total do instrumento foi semelhante entre as mulheres com e sem sobrepeso (9,4±4,2 versus 8,3±4,6, p=0,2). No entanto, gestantes com sobrepeso apresentaram escores médios mais altos para distúrbios do sono (2,3±0,7 versus ...


PURPOSE:

To compare sleep quality of overweight versus normal weight women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study involving 223 women with 14 or more weeks of pregnancy, 105 of them overweight (pre-pregnancy body mass index - BMI - ≥25.0 kg/m2) and 118 of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), attending the prenatal care clinic. The Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR) questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality. The Student t-test and the chi-square test were used to compare differences between groups and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Most of the participants (67.7%) were poor sleepers (total score >5); this proportion was significantly higher among overweight (80/105) versus normal weight (67/118) women (76.2 versus 56.8%, p=0,004). During the second trimester, this difference did not reach statistical significance (72.5 versus 53.7%, respectively, p=0.06) but mean total PSQI-BR scores were significantly higher among overweight participants (7.0±3.8 versus 5.5±3.2, p=0.02). In the 2nd trimester, overweight women also had higher scores for sleep latency (1.4±1.0 versus 1.0±0.9, p=0.02) and subjective sleep quality (1.3±0.8 versus 0.8±0.8, p=0.02). In the third trimester, the proportion of women with poor sleep quality was significantly higher in the overweight group, but did not reach statistical significance (79.6 versus 60.8%, p=0.06). During this period, total mean scores were similar for women with and without excess weight (9.4±4.2 versus 8.3±4.6, p=0.2). However, overweight women had higher mean scores for sleep disturbance (2.3±0.7

Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Overweight/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Sleep , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy Trimester, Third
18.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 37(6): 266-271, 06/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-752530

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre função sexual e qualidade de vida em mulheres grávidas, residentes em duas cidades do Nordeste. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 207 gestantes. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da aplicação de questionário contendo questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, ginecológicos e obstétricos, conhecimento corporal e sexual. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através da aplicação do Índice de Qualidade de Vida Ferrans & Powers (IQV Ferrans e Power). A função sexual foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (IFSF). Foram realizados os testes estatísticos de Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon para análise dos dados coletados. RESULTADOS: As gestantes avaliadas apresentaram idade mediana de 30 anos (quartil 26-33 anos) e estavam aproximadamente na 26a semana gestacional. Observou-se diminuição significativa da frequência mensal do relacionamento sexual do casal, que passou de uma mediana de 12 para 4 vezes por mês (Z =-10,56; p<0,001). A disfunção sexual se mostrou presente em 35,7% das gestantes avaliadas, e a qualidade de vida dessas foi inferior quando comparada àquelas com função sexual sem alteração (Z=-2,87; p=0,004). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que a disfunção sexual afetou negativamente a qualidade de vida de mulheres grávidas, devendo ser um aspecto relevante para ser avaliado durante as consultas de pré-natal. .


PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between sexual function and quality of life in pregnant women living in two cities of Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 207 pregnant women. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing questions about socio-demographic, gynecological and obstetrical data, body and sexual knowledge. Quality of life was assessed by applying the Ferrans & Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI Ferrans and Power). Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The pregnant women studied had a median age of 30 years (quartile 26-33 years) and were approximately at the 26th gestational week. A significant decrease in the monthly frequency of sexual relations of the couple was observed, with a median of 12 to 4 times per month (Z=-10.56; p<0.001). Sexual dysfunction was detected in 35.7% of the pregnant women studied, whose quality of life was lower when compared to women with unchanged sexual function (Z=-2.9; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that sexual dysfunction negatively affected the quality of life of pregnant women, and this should be an important aspect for review during prenatal consultations. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications , Quality of Life , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological , Brazil , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Self Report , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/physiopathology
19.
Femina ; 43(2): 83-88, mar-abril 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-756159

ABSTRACT

A obesidade vem crescendo rapidamente e representa desafios na saúde pública. O aumento do número de gestantes obesas tem sido associado à maior chance de desenvolver complicações perinatais, entre elas a pré-eclâmpsia (PE). A pré-eclâmpsia é caracterizada pelo aparecimento de hipertensão arterial e proteinúria, que se desenvolvem depois de 20 semanas de gestação em mulheres previamente normotensas ou sobreposta à hipertensão arterial pré-existente. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, por meio de revisão sistematizada, os dados da literatura referentes à inter-relação da PE com a obesidade, a relação do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso excessivo com a gravidade da doença e a existência de fatores preditores. Foi realizada ampla pesquisa na literatura nacional e internacional, procurando identificar e extrair informações, utilizando a seguinte estratégia de busca: (("Obesity"[Mesh]) AND "Pregnancy"[Mesh]) AND "Preeclampsia"[Mesh]. Dos artigos selecionados, foram identificados nove estudos sobre implicações da obesidade em gestantes. Quanto maior o IMC pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso durante a gravidez, maior a chance de desenvolver pré-eclâmpsia, especialmente, na forma grave. O fator de crescimento placentário (PlGF) parece ser bom preditor da PE no segundo trimestre, podendo ser usado como método de rastreio nas gestantes obesas.(AU)


Obesity has grown representing challenges to the public health system. The increase of obese gestations has been associated with the higher chances of perinatal complications, amongst which is pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is characterized by the appearance of arterial hypertension and proteinuria, both developing after 20 weeks of gestation in women that were prior to gestation or whose pre-existing hypertension becomes superimposed. The objective was to evaluate, by systematic review, the interrelationship between preeclampsia and obesity, assessing the pre-gestation body mass index (BMI) in relation to the excessive weight gain following the onset of gestation and the severity of the illness and its predictive factors. Ample research on the national and international literature was performed in order to identify and extract information using the following search strategy ("Obesity"[Mesh]) AND "Pregnancy"[Mesh]) AND "Pre-eclampsia"[Mesh]. From the articles selected, nine studies were identified concerning the implications of obesity on pregnancy. The higher pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy, the bigger are the chance of developing preeclampsia, specially in severe form. The maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) is a good predictor for PE in the second trimester, and may be used as a tracking method in obese pregnant women.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Body Mass Index , Comorbidity , Risk Factors , Databases, Bibliographic
20.
Femina ; 42(6): 277-282, nov-dez. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-749148

ABSTRACT

A hidropisia fetal não imune é a presença de duas ou mais (?2) coleções de líquido no feto na ausência de aloimunização Rh. As mais comuns etiologias incluem anormalidades cardiovasculares, cromossomiais e hematológicas, seguidas por anomalias estruturais fetais, complicações da gemelaridade, infecção, e patologia placentária. A avaliação da hidropisia começa com o teste de Coombs indireto para verificar se é verdadeiramente não imune, avaliação do feto e da placenta, incluindo a ecocardiografia (arritmia), exame da artéria cerebral média para identificar a anemia, assim como o cariótipo/microarranjo cromossomial, mesmo que não seja constatada anomalia estrutural fetal. O tratamento recomendado depende da etiologia subjacente e da idade da gravidez; o parto pré-termo será proposto apenas por indicações obstétricas, incluindo a síndrome do ?espelho?. São candidatos à avaliação anteparto e ao corticoide, casos idiopáticos ou com etiologia passível de tratamento pré-natal ou pós-natal. Essas gestações devem ser interrompidas em um centro terciário com UTI neonatal capaz de tratar recém-nascidos criticamente comprometidos. A aneuploidia confere um mau prognóstico e, mesmo na sua ausência, a sobrevida neonatal é frequentemente <50%. A síndrome do ?espelho? é uma forma grave de préeclâmpsia que pode se desenvolver com a hidropisia fetal e na maioria dos casos necessita da interrupção da gravidez.(AU)


The nonimmune hydrops is the presence of two or more (?2) fluid collections in the fetus in the absence of Rh alloimmunization. The most common causes include cardiovascular, chromosomal and hematological abnormalities, followed by fetal structural abnormalities, complications of twin pregnancy, infection, and placental pathology. The evaluation of hydrops begins with the indirect Coombs test to see if it is really not immune, evaluation of the fetus and placenta, including echocardiography (arrhythmia), examination of the middle cerebral artery to identify anemia, and karyotyping/chromosomal microarray even if it is not detected fetal structural anomalies. The recommended treatment depends on the underlying etiology and gestational age; preterm birth should be proposed only for obstetric indications, including the ?mirror? syndrome. The antepartum evaluation and corticosteroids are indicated in idiopathic cases or etiology capable of prenatal or postnatal treatment. These pregnancies should be discontinued in a tertiary center with neonatal intensive care units capable of treating critically compromised newborns. The aneuploidy confers a poor prognosis and even in the absence of aneuploidy neonatal survival is often <50%. The ?mirror? syndrome is a severe form of preeclampsia that can be developed with fetal hydrops and in most cases requires the interruption of pregnancy.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Hydrops Fetalis/etiology , Hydrops Fetalis/diagnostic imaging , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Risk Factors , Abortion, Therapeutic , Aneuploidy
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